GESTAÇÃO E SÍNDROMES NEONATAIS: ANÁLISE DOS FATORES DE RISCO E IMPACTOS NO DESFECHO PERINATAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71248/4hrcen89Palavras-chave:
Gravidez, Doenças do recém-nascido, Fatores de risco, Resultado da gravidez, Mortalidade perinatalResumo
Esta revisão de escopo teve como objetivo mapear as evidências sobre os fatores de risco maternos, gestacionais, obstétricos e ambientais associados às síndromes e complicações neonatais e seus impactos nos desfechos perinatais. Seguiram-se o método do Joanna Briggs Institute e o checklist PRISMA-ScR. A busca foi feita na MEDLINE, via PubMed, e incluiu revisões sistemáticas e metanálises publicadas entre 2021 e 2026. Dos 69 registros identificados, 37 foram incluídos, e 30 deles apresentaram metanálise. Os eixos mais frequentes foram prematuridade e morbidades neonatais, gestação múltipla e infecções maternas. Anemia materna, distúrbios hipertensivos, obesidade e diabetes gestacional, epilepsia, infecções como COVID-19, gonorreia e estreptococo do grupo B e complicações da monocorionicidade associaram-se a parto pré-termo, anemia neonatal, displasia broncopulmonar, enterocolite necrosante, lesão cerebral e morte neonatal. Asfixia, síndrome do desconforto respiratório, hipotermia e sepse foram determinantes da mortalidade neonatal. Grande parte das evidências provém de países africanos e asiáticos, e não houve sínteses específicas sobre a população brasileira. Conclui-se que a maioria dos fatores identificados é passível de intervenção pela atenção pré-natal e perinatal qualificada.
Referências
ABIRAMALATHA, Thangaraj et al. Risk factors for periventricular leukomalacia in preterm infants: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and GRADE-based assessment of certainty of evidence. Pediatric Neurology, v. 124, p. 51-71, 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2021.08.003.
ARKSEY, Hilary; O'MALLEY, Lisa. Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, v. 8, n. 1, p. 19-32, 2005. DOI: 10.1080/1364557032000119616.
ATAMAMEN, Temitope Folasade et al. Systematic literature review on the neonatal outcome of preeclampsia. The Pan African Medical Journal, v. 41, p. 82, 2022. DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.41.82.31413.
AZZAM, Ahmed et al. Anemia in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence, determinants, and health impacts in Egypt. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, v. 25, n. 1, p. 29, 2025. DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-07111-9.
BUCA, Danilo et al. Neonatal morbidity of monoamniotic twin pregnancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Perinatology, v. 39, n. 3, p. 243-251, 2022. DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1714420.
CHAN, Joe Kwun Nam et al. Adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes associated with maternal schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and prenatal antipsychotic use: a meta-analysis of 37,214,330 pregnancy deliveries and propensity-score weighted population-based cohort study assessing confounder dependency of risk estimates. Molecular Psychiatry, v. 30, n. 3, p. 954-967, 2025. DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02723-1.
DESSOLE, S. et al. Perinatal outcome after single intrauterine death in monochorionic twin pregnancy: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, v. 67, n. 2, p. 136-146, 2026. DOI: 10.1002/uog.70020.
GE, Ge; ZHANG, Yun; ZHANG, Meixia. Pregnancy-induced hypertension and retinopathy of prematurity: a meta-analysis. Acta Ophthalmologica, v. 99, n. 8, e1263-e1273, 2021. DOI: 10.1111/aos.14827.
GIORGIONE, V. et al. Perinatal outcome of pregnancy complicated by twin anemia-polycythemia sequence: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, v. 58, n. 6, p. 813-823, 2021. DOI: 10.1002/uog.23585.
GOICOCHEA-RÍOS, Evelyn del Socorro et al. Dengue infection during pregnancy and the occurrence of pathological neonatal outcome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. F1000Research, v. 13, p. 1523, 2024. DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.158890.3.
GURUNG, Sabi et al. A systematic review on estimating population attributable fraction for risk factors for small-for-gestational-age births in 81 low- and middle-income countries. Journal of Global Health, v. 12, p. 04024, 2022. DOI: 10.7189/jogh.12.04024.
HEIDARY, Zohreh et al. Maternal and neonatal complications, outcomes and possibility of vertical transmission in Iranian women with COVID-19. Archives of Iranian Medicine, v. 24, n. 9, p. 713-721, 2021. DOI: 10.34172/aim.2021.104.
JENA, Belayneh Hamdela; JALDO, Mesfin Menza. Determinants of neonatal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis of adverse newborn conditions. BMC Public Health, v. 25, n. 1, p. 3058, 2025. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-025-24419-z.
KANG, Cho Ryok et al. Perinatal enterovirus infection in neonates: a systematic review. Journal of Medical Virology, v. 97, n. 5, e70362, 2025. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.70362.
KARAMPATSAS, Konstantinos et al. Clinical risk factors associated with late-onset invasive group B streptococcal disease: systematic review and meta-analyses. Clinical Infectious Diseases, v. 75, n. 7, p. 1255-1264, 2022. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac206.
KARIMI, Parviz et al. Maternal anemia and the risk of preterm birth: a meta-analysis. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, v. 39, n. 1, p. 2722830, 2026. DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2026.2722830.
KEBEDE, Solomon Demis et al. Pooled prevalence and predictors of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in preterm neonates (28-34 weeks) in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pediatrics, v. 25, n. 1, p. 116, 2025. DOI: 10.1186/s12887-025-05462-6.
KIM, Yoo Jinie et al. Risk factors of early pulmonary hypertension and its clinical outcomes in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scientific Reports, v. 12, n. 1, p. 14186, 2022. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18345-y.
LEVAC, Danielle; COLQUHOUN, Heather; O'BRIEN, Kelly K. Scoping studies: advancing the methodology. Implementation Science, v. 5, p. 69, 2010. DOI: 10.1186/1748-5908-5-69.
LU, Chun-Yun et al. Risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants: a meta analysis. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi = Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, v. 24, n. 8, p. 908-916, 2022. DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2202085.
MARLEEN, Shemoon et al. Maternal and perinatal outcomes in twin pregnancies following assisted reproduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis involving 802 462 pregnancies. Human Reproduction Update, v. 30, n. 3, p. 309-322, 2024. DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmae002.
MARYAM, Zakerihamidi et al. Evaluation of maternal risk factors for neonatal hypernatremic dehydration: a systematic review. Journal of Mother and Child, v. 28, n. 1, p. 70-79, 2024. DOI: 10.34763/jmotherandchild.20232701.d-24-00007.
MAZZONE, Paolo Pierino et al. Comparison of perinatal outcomes for women with and without epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Neurology, v. 80, n. 5, p. 484-494, 2023. DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2023.0148.
MESSELU, Mengistu Abebe et al. Prevalence and associated factors of anemia among newborns in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pediatrics, v. 25, n. 1, p. 770, 2025. DOI: 10.1186/s12887-025-06103-8.
NAIR, N. Sreekumaran et al. Factors associated with neonatal pneumonia and its mortality in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Indian Pediatrics, v. 58, n. 11, p. 1059-1061, 2021. DOI: 10.1007/s13312-021-2374-4.
PETERS, Micah D. J. et al. Updated methodological guidance for the conduct of scoping reviews. JBI Evidence Synthesis, v. 18, n. 10, p. 2119-2126, 2020. DOI: 10.11124/JBIES-20-00167.
PIERGIANNI, Marina et al. Perinatal outcomes following single intrauterine death in monochorionic twin pregnancies complicated by twin anemia polycythemia sequence: systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, v. 105, n. 6, p. 1017-1025, 2026. DOI: 10.1111/aogs.70189.
SAAD, Serra et al. Effect of COVID-19 infection on maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancy: a systematic review. Pregnancy Hypertension, v. 44, p. 101432, 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2026.101432.
SHRESTHA, D. B. et al. Teenage pregnancy and associated risk factors and outcome in Nepal from 2000-2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Kathmandu University Medical Journal, v. 20, n. 78, p. 225-233, 2022.
SILEO, F. G. et al. Incidence and outcome of prenatal brain abnormality in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, v. 60, n. 2, p. 176-184, 2022. DOI: 10.1002/uog.24895.
SILEO, Filomena Giulia et al. Perinatal outcomes of twin pregnancies complicated by late twin-twin transfusion syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, v. 100, n. 5, p. 832-842, 2021. DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14066.
TRICCO, Andrea C. et al. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation. Annals of Internal Medicine, v. 169, n. 7, p. 467-473, 2018. DOI: 10.7326/M18-0850.
VALLELY, Lisa M. et al. Adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes associated with Neisseria gonorrhoeae: systematic review and meta-analysis. Sexually Transmitted Infections, v. 97, n. 2, p. 104-111, 2021. DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2020-054653.
WANG, Lixin et al. Haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn due to anti-M: a systematic review. Vox Sanguinis, v. 121, n. 8, p. 1129-1137, 2026. DOI: 10.1111/vox.70316.
WANG, Siyi et al. Maternal hypertension and survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, v. 39, n. 1, p. 2645237, 2026. DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2026.2645237.
WEIR, Tessa L.; MAJUMDER, Monica; GLASTRAS, Sarah J. A systematic review of the effects of maternal obesity on neonatal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes. Obesity Reviews, v. 25, n. 7, e13747, 2024. DOI: 10.1111/obr.13747.
WORKE, Mulugeta Dile et al. Predictors of birth asphyxia in Ethiopia: an updated systematic review with meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, v. 25, n. 1, p. 1172, 2025. DOI: 10.1186/s12884-025-08346-w.
WUDU, Muluken Amare et al. Incidence and predictors of mortality among neonates admitted with birth asphyxia to neonatal intensive care units in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pediatrics, v. 25, n. 1, p. 140, 2025. DOI: 10.1186/s12887-025-05481-3.
XIONG, Ping et al. Risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ, v. 13, e20202, 2025. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.20202.
ZHAO, Bokang et al. The association between maternal anemia and neonatal anemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, v. 24, n. 1, p. 677, 2024. DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06832-1.
ZHAO, Shuliang et al. Factors influencing necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pediatrics, v. 24, n. 1, p. 148, 2024. DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04607-3.
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2026 Cognitus Interdisciplinary Journal
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
