BIOMARCADORES PLASMÁTICOS NA DETECÇÃO PRECOCE DA DOENÇA DE ALZHEIMER: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71248/22q77383Palavras-chave:
Alzheimer, Biomarcadores, Diagnóstico Precoce, Fluido Sanguíneo, NeurodegeneraçãoResumo
A Doença de Alzheimer (DA) é uma enfermidade neurodegenerativa progressiva cuja detecção precoce é essencial para intervenções terapêuticas eficazes. Este estudo objetivou realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre a acurácia diagnóstica e a aplicabilidade clínica dos biomarcadores plasmáticos na identificação precoce da DA. A pesquisa foi conduzida nas bases PubMed, Embase e Scopus, seguindo as diretrizes PRISMA 2020, e resultou na inclusão de 22 estudos. Os biomarcadores analisados incluíram NfL, p-Tau181, p-Tau217, Aβ42/Aβ40 e GFAP. Os resultados indicaram que o p-Tau217 apresentou maior acurácia (AUC 0,94–0,96), seguido por p-Tau181 e Aβ42/Aβ40. O NfL mostrou alta sensibilidade, porém baixa especificidade. O GFAP destacou-se como marcador inflamatório com potencial complementar. Conclui-se que, embora nenhum biomarcador isolado seja suficiente, a combinação entre diferentes marcadores pode melhorar significativamente o diagnóstico precoce da DA, sendo viável para aplicação clínica e rastreamento populacional.
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