The History of Nursing in Brazil and the World

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the historical trajectory of nursing in Brazil and worldwide, highlighting its evolution from empirical practices to its consolidation as a scientific profession, as well as emphasizing historical milestones, important figures, and current challenges. It is a narrative review, with a qualitative and exploratory approach, conducted through a survey of scientific articles, theses, dissertations, and official documents available in databases such as SciELO, CAPES, and institutional websites. Data analysis was descriptive, allowing the identification of transformations in nursing education and practice over time. The development shows that, in Brazil, nursing began in the colonial period with assistance actions in the Santa Casas de Misericórdia (Holy Houses of Mercy), advancing in the 19th century with health education and highlighting the role of Ana Neri in the Paraguayan War. In the 20th century, the profession strengthened with the creation of schools and the influence of international models. In the global context, nursing evolved significantly from the contributions of Florence Nightingale, who introduced scientific bases to care. It is concluded that nursing has moved from an empirical practice to an essential and scientific profession, although it still faces challenges such as devaluation and overload, requiring greater professional recognition.