DESAFIOS NO MANEJO DO CÂNCER DE VAGINA: EQUILÍBRIO ENTRE PRESERVAÇÃO FUNCIONAL E CONTROLE DA DOENÇA ONCOLÓGICA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71248/9znhsw49Palavras-chave:
Braquiterapia, Neoplasias Vaginais, Qualidade de Vida, Radioterapia, ReirradiaçãoResumo
Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar os principais desafios no manejo do câncer de vagina para equilibrar preservação funcional/qualidade de vida e controle oncológico. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, conduzida em seis etapas, com questão norteadora definida e busca nas bases Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e USA National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE/PubMed), realizada em janeiro de 2025, incluindo artigos completos (2021 a janeiro de 2026) em português, inglês e chinês. Os achados indicam que, por ser uma neoplasia rara, a evidência disponível é frequentemente heterogênea e baseada em séries pequenas/retrospectivas, dificultando padronização e impondo individualização terapêutica. O dilema clínico central é intensificar o tratamento para maximizar controle local e sobrevida sem elevar de forma inaceitável a toxicidade tardia que compromete funções vaginal, urinária e intestinal; nesse cenário, a braquiterapia se destaca como estratégia-chave de preservação de órgão, embora não isenta de sequelas. Recidivas e reirradiação ampliam o trade-off entre escalonamento terapêutico e perda funcional, enquanto cirurgias radicais de resgate demandam reconstrução e reabilitação. Conclui-se que o equilíbrio depende de abordagem multidisciplinar e decisão compartilhada, e que pesquisas prospectivas/multicêntricas com desfechos funcionais e de qualidade de vida padronizados são necessárias para reduzir incertezas e orientar práticas.
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